The comprehension of plankton communities is essential for the advancement of aquaculture, as they have a significant impact on environmental variables. In this regard, the study was conducted to investigate the ecological ramifications of nutrient management on the plankton community in pond. The experiment featured four treatments, each with three replications: T0 was the control without feed and fertilizer, T1 with only fertilizer, T2 with fertilizer and feed, and T3 with only feed. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry were stocked and fed initially at 50% of body weight in T3 and gradually reduced to 5%. Feeding in T2 was half that of T3, and fertilization was done weekly. In the study, four phytoplankton groups were identified: Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Euglenophyceae, along with four zooplankton groups: Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera, and Crustacea. Chlorophyceae and Rotifera were discovered to be the most dominant phytoplankton and zooplankton groups, respectively. The treatments showed a significant difference (P <0.05) in plankton, notably between T2 and T0. The mean plankton abundance was highest in treatment T2. Findings indicated that the application of both fertilizers and feed was better for plankton population growth than other treatments. So, the study could recommend the combined application of fertilizers and supplemental feed as the best option for semi-intensive fish farming.